german tank destroyer

Czechoslovak Armored Fighting Vehicles. Although the early German Panzerjäger carried more effective weapons than the tanks on which they were based, they were generally lacking in protection for the crew, having thinly armored open-topped superstructures. [1] Many are based on a tracked tank chassis, while others are wheeled. The Tortoise "heavy assault tank", intended for use in breaking through fixed defensive lines, was well armoured and had a very powerful 32-pounder (94 mm) gun, but did not reach service use. As a result, they were of a somewhat extemporized nature. Introduced in mid-1944, the Jagdpanther, of which some 415 examples were produced, was considered the best of the casemate-design Jagdpanzer designs. There have also been dedicated anti-tank vehicles built on ordinary armored personnel carrier or armored car chassis. They were first deployed to combat units in September 1944. In the 1950s the goal of providing airborne forces with a parachute-capable self-propelled anti-tank weapon led to the deployment of the M56 Scorpion and M50 Ontos. BY DECADE World War 2 saw a dizzying array of Tank Destroyers deployed, some all-new designs while others were built from existing vehicles. It was employed in infantry support and offensive armored operations as well as in the defensive anti-tank role. The only dedicated American-origin, casemate hull design fighting vehicle of any type built during the war, that resembled the German and Soviet tank destroyers in hull and general gun mounting design, was the experimental T28 Super Heavy Tank, which mounted a 105 mm T5E1 long-barrel cannon, which had a maximum firing range of 12 miles (20 km), and was originally designed as a self-propelled assault gun to breach Germany's Siegfried Line defenses. Strong reconnaissance elements were provided so that TDs could use pre-arranged firing positions to best advantage. The expectation that German tanks would be engaged in mass formation was a failed assumption. Variants Befehlswagen 38 - Command variant. The M18 came closest to the US ideal; the vehicle was very fast, small, and mounted a 76 mm gun in a roofless open turret. However, German authorities began to n Since World War II, gun-armed powerful tank destroyers have fallen out of favor as armies have favored multirole main battle tanks. Panzerjäger I. The predecessor of the ISU 152 was the SU-152, built on the KV-1s chassis and shared many similarities (including its gun) with the ISU-152. IC, a Tier IV tank destroyer goes to the Supertest. Today the German Pz.Sfl. WKiŁ, Warszawa 1990, s. 72. Tanks are armoured fighting vehicles designed for front-line combat, combining operational mobility and tactical offensive and defensive capabilities; tanks perform all primary tasks of the armoured troops. This vehicle is based on a real vehicle and most probably will be released during Holiday Ops 2021, this December. Of these tank destroyers, only the 90 mm gun of the M36 proved effective against the frontal armor of Germans' larger armored vehicles at long range. The only turreted tank destroyer made by Romania was the Vânătorul de care R-35, created by extending the turret of the French Renault R-35 tank and adding to it a 45 mm gun instead of its 37 mm gun. Most of the tank-hull based designs used special open-topped turrets of a differing design to the original tank it was based on, which was meant to both save weight and to accommodate a larger gun. About the German Tank Destroyer Marder III. Missile carrying vehicles however are referred to as anti-tank missile carriers instead of tank destroyers. Dedicated anti-tank vehicles made their first major appearance in the Second World War as combatants developed effective armored vehicles and tactics. Entries are listed below in alphanumeric order (1-to-Z). The Sturmgeschütz III from its 1938 origin used a new casemate-style superstructure with an integrated design, similar to the later Jagdpanzer vehicle designs' superstructure, to completely enclose the crew. All about the tank: hidden stats, armor, 3D model [3][4] They were used as an anti-tank component of the reconnaissance units. Many forces' infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) carry anti-tank missiles in every infantry platoon, and attack helicopters have also added anti-tank capability to the modern battlefield. The 17 pounder was also used to re-equip the US-supplied M10 Tank Destroyer, replacing the American 3-inch gun to produce the 17pdr SP Achilles. Similarly, Panzer II tanks were used on the eastern front. Of the nineteen tank destroyer battalions allocated for the invasion of. The PTZ89 is armed with a 120 mm smoothbore cannon while the PTL02, developed by NORINCO for the PLA's new light (rapid reaction) mechanized infantry divisions, carries a 100 mm one (a version armed with a 105 mm rifled gun is available for export). From there a project was born, which tried to create a tank hunter that would be extremely well-protected over an existing, readily available captured light tan… [2] Eliminating the turret let the vehicle carry thicker armor, and also let this armour be concentrated in the hull. The prototypes and plans were captured by the Soviets after they invaded Romania. During World War 2, the Romanians made some tank destroyers by removing the turrets of some of their tanks and adding a compartment and a stronger gun that could face the new Soviet tanks that were much stronger than the Romanian ones. U.S. doctrine was based, in light of the fall of France, on the perceived need to defeat German blitzkrieg tactics, and U.S. units expected to face large numbers of German tanks, attacking on relatively narrow fronts. The ISU-152 built as a heavy assault gun, relied on the weight of the shell fired from its M-1937/43 howitzer to defeat tanks. London: Arms and Armour. The earliest expedient design was an M3 Half-track mounting an M1897 75 mm gun in a limited-traverse mount, and called the 75 mm Gun Motor Carriage M3. China has developed the tracked PTZ89 and the wheeled PTL02 tank destroyers. It has a large anti-tank cannon mounted on a flexible, tracked platform, which is capable of easily destroying enemy tanks, even punching through the heavy armour of Apocalypse tanksand ore miners. [citation needed]. One of these tank destroyers was the TACAM T-60 created on the hull of the Soviet T-60 light tank by removing its turret and adding a compartment together with a 76,2 FL-22 L/51 model 1936 gun. When a tank destroyer was used against enemy tanks from a defensive position such as by ambush, the common lack of a rotating turret was not particularly critical, while the lower silhouette was highly desirable. Built on the same frame, the Semovente da 105/25 was equipped with a 105 mm gun and known as "bassotto" (Italian for dachshund) due to its lower height. However, the lack of a rotating turret limited the gun's traverse to a few degrees. Entries are listed below in alphanumeric order (1-to-Z). With the weight of main battle tanks growing to the forty to seventy-tonne range, airborne forces were unable to deploy reasonable anti-tank forces. The Tank Destroyer Command eventually numbered over 100,000 men and 80 battalions each equipped with 36 self-propelled tank destroyers or towed guns. Variants of the Polish TKS and TK-3 tankettes up-armed with 20 mm gun (23–26 vehicles) were operationally deployed in the invasion of Poland. It entered service in 1944 during the later stages of the war on the Eastern and Western Fronts. The Marder I was one of the early German efforts to update a military that - despite crushing early successes against Poland and the Allied early in WWII - was in sore need of mechanization. The Cruiser Mk VIII Challenger was a project to bring a 17 pdr tank into use to support the Cromwell cruiser tank. An example of the development of tank destroyer technology throughout the war are the Marder III and Jagdpanzer 38 vehicle, that were very different in spite of being based on the same chassis: Marder was straightforwardly an anti-tank gun on tracks whereas the Jagdpanzer 38 traded some firepower (its Pak 39, designed to operate within the confines of a fully armored fighting compartment, fires the same projectiles from a reduced propellant charge compared to Marder's Pak 40) for better armor protection and ease of concealment on the battlefield. In practice, such German attacks rarely happened. The Kanonenjagdpanzer (KanJPz; also known as Jagdpanzer Kanone 90mm, "tank destroyer, gun 90mm") was a German Cold War tank destroyer equipped with a 90mm anti-tank gun taken from obsolete M47 Patton tanks. There was extra impetus given to the development of anti-tank weaponry, which culminated in the 76mm Ordnance QF 17 pounder, widely considered one of the best anti-tank guns of the war.[13]. A. Jońca, R. Szubański, J. Tarczyński, Wrzesień 1939 Pojazdy Wojska Polskiego, Wyd. But there are still dedicated anti-tank vehicles with very heavy long-range missiles, and ones intended for airborne use. No details if this will be the free Christmas gift tank or if it will be available with Holiday lootboxes. The closest the British came to developing an armored tank destroyer in the vein of the German Jagdpanzers or Soviet ISU series was the Churchill 3-inch Gun Carrier—a Churchill tank chassis with a boxy superstructure in place of the turret and mounting a 3-inch anti-aircraft gun. The StuG III assault gun was Germany's most-produced fully tracked armoured fighting vehicle during World War II, and second-most produced German armored combat vehicle of any type after the Sd.Kfz. It has been one of the favorite tanks ever since the World of Tanks exists and it's safe to say that it kept its place in the hearts and garages of the gamers from all around the world for obvious reasons. For other uses, see. Axworthy, Mark; Scafes, Cornel; Craciunoiu, Cristian (1995). Two planned tank destroyers were the TACAM R-1 and the TACAM T-38. After hard lessons early in the war, machine guns were mounted for use against infantry, but the limited traverse of the mounting meant that they were still less effective than those used on turreted tanks. By far the most common US design, and the first that was fully tracked and turreted (which became the American hallmark of World War II "tank destroyer" design) was the 3in Gun Motor Carriage M10, later supplemented by the 90 mm Gun Motor Carriage M36—both based on the M4 Sherman hull and powertrain—and the 76 mm Gun Motor Carriage M18 (Hellcat), based on a unique hull and powertrain design, with a slight visual resemblance to what was used for the later M24 Chaffee light tank. Durability: 415 HP. Italy and Spain use the Italian-built Centauro, a wheeled tank destroyer with a 105 mm cannon. As the crew abandoned their vehicle, they were easy targets for enemy machinegun fire. [9] In 1943, the Soviets also shifted all production of light tanks like the T-70 to much simpler and better-armed SU-76 self-propelled guns, which used the same drive train. Jagdpanzer (38t) Hetzer is a German Tier IV Tank Destroyer. The Jagdpanther combined the 8.8 cm Pak 43 cannon, similar to the main gun of the Tiger II, and the armor and suspension of the Panther chassis. 35 in the Romanian army) and adding to it a compartment together with a Soviet 76.2mm ZiS-3 gun. Due to the quick defeat of France, few French vehicles were built. The concept later led to the M551 Sheridan light tank of the mid-1960s. It was also relatively lightly armoured and unable to attack air units. Wikimedia Commons has media related to World War II tank destroyers of Germany. The thickness of the frontal armor plates is up to 50 mm. [5] It featured the same powerful PaK 43 88 mm cannon used on the unwieldy Elefant, now fitted to the chassis of the medium Panther tank, providing greatly improved armor-penetrating capability in a medium-weight vehicle. Among the early inspiration sources for the casemate shape and light tank accommodation, the Romanian Mareșal is often cited. Weighing in at a remarkable 60 tons, it was powered by two Porsche Type 101 engines. In 1942 the General Staff agreed on investigating self-propelled mountings of the 6-pounder, 17-pounder, 3-inch 20cwt guns and the 25-pounder field gun/howitzer on the Matilda II, Valentine, Crusader and Cruiser Mark VII tank chassis. These were expected to break through a thin screen of anti-tank guns, hence the decision that the main anti-tank units—the Tank Destroyer (TD) battalions—should be concentrated and very mobile. The lack of a turret increased the vehicle's internal volume, allowing for increased ammunition stowage and crew comfort. U.S. Army and counterpart British designs were very different in conception. Please direct all other inquiries to militaryfactory AT gmail.com. German tank destroyers have two starkly different lines, starting from the tier III Marder II. The Germans made 88 of them and deployed them as fast as possible. In addition, the improved layout of the fighting compartment finally allowed easy access to the ammunition. The Marder II tank destroyer was an attempt to solve the problem of the low mobility of towed anti-tank guns but, unfortunately for the Germans, it failed in many other aspects. Its design was very similar to that of the World War II Jagdpanzer IV. The low armor thickness coupled with its large silhouette meant that, while it could engage enemy tanks at range, any kind of return fire would likely mean the destruction of this vehicle. Flammpanzer 38 - Jagdpanzer 38 modified with a Koebe flamethrower in place of the main gun. American tank destroyer battalions comprised three tank destroyer companies supported by nine security sections. [16][17], In the face of the Warsaw Pact, a general need for extra firepower was identified. However, thanks to its low height (185 cm) and the caliber of its gun the 75/18 also had good results in anti-tank combat, fighting against British and American (but not Soviet) units. The self-propelled guns that were built in the "tank destroyer" mould came about through the desire to field the QF 17 pounder anti-tank gun and simultaneous lack of suitable standard tanks to carry it. In October 1942 it was decided to progress using the Valentine chassis with a 17-pdr (which would become Archer) and 25-pdr (which entered service as Bishop)[14]. Some provisions were made for the fitting of a 105 mm cannon, and many of the vehicles were modified to fire HOT or TOW missiles in place of a main gun. However, the tank destroyer was strictly capable of providing anti-armour support, as it was nearly useless against infantry or structures. Even the largest and most powerful of German tank destroyers were found abandoned on the field after a battle, having been immobilized by one or more hits by high explosive (HE) or armor-piercing (AP) shells to the track or front drive sprocket.[8]. As Soviet designs became more heavily armored, the 90 mm gun became ineffective and the Kanonenjagdpanzers were retrofitted for different roles or retired. Later, after encountering Soviet tanks, it was refitted with a comparatively short-barreled high-velocity anti-tank gun, usually with a muzzle brake, enabling it to function as a tank destroyer. This was replaced with the 57 mm Ordnance QF 6 pounder when that became available. An example of the development of tank destroyer technology throughout the war are the Marder III and Jagdpanzer 38vehicle, that were very different in spite of being based on the same chassis: Marde… A tank destroyer, tank hunter, or tank killer is a type of armoured fighting vehicle, armed with a direct-fire artillery gun or missile launcher, designed specifically to engage and destroy enemy tanks, often with limited operational capacities. As manufacturing began in 1943, the 105/25 was used by German forces. The resurgence of expeditionary warfare in the first two decades of the 21st century has seen the emergence of gun-armed wheeled vehicles, sometimes called protected gun systems, which may bear a superficial resemblance to tank destroyers, but are employed as direct fire support units typically providing support in low-intensity operations such as the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. To achieve this they tend to pack the biggest guns in their respective Tiers, and shred their opposition with either brutal alpha damage or high DPM values, as well as exceptional penetration. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for German Heavy Tank Destroyer Jagd Tiger Initial Production Type 1/35 Military at the best online prices at eBay! The T86 and T86E1 amphibious tank destroyers, as well as the T87 105 mm (4.13 in) amphibious Howitzer Motor Carriage, the T88 105 mm (4.13 in) Howitzer Motor Carriage and the Super Hellcat mounting the turret from the M36 turret were all tested, but … The M36 Jackson GMC possessed the only American-origin operational gun that could rival the vaunted 88 mm German anti-tank ordnance, the 90 mm M3 gun, and the M36 remained in service well after World War II. Except for most American designs, tank destroyers were all turretless and had fixed or casemate superstructures. The most famous Italian tank destroyer of the Second World War was technically not a tank destroyer, but self-propelled artillery. Flanking fire by TDs was emphasized, both to penetrate thinner enemy side armor, and to reduce the likelihood of accurate enemy return fire. There were 21 pieces made of which 1 survived and can be found in the National Military Museum, Bucharest. All of them had to be transported by rail because they were 128,000 pounds and few bridges could hold them. The Hellcats of the … This meant that the driver normally had to turn the entire tank onto its target, a much slower process than simply rotating a powered turret. Facing an increasingly defensive war, the German Army turned to larger and more powerfully armed Jagdpanzer designs, and in July 1944 the first Jagdtiger rolled off the production line; it was the heaviest German armored fighting vehicle to go into active service. The turretless design allowed accommodation of a more powerful gun, typically a dedicated anti-tank gun (in lieu of a regular tank's general-purpose main gun that fired both anti-tank and high explosive ammunition) that had a longer barrel than could be mounted in a turreted tank on the same chassis. The Jagdpanther is one of the most iconic tank destroyers of World War 2. Throughout the war, only one battalion ever fought in an engagement like that originally envisaged (the 601st, at the Battle of El Guettar). Sometimes there was no armored roof (only a weather cover) to keep the overall weight down to the limit that the chassis could bear. The Panzerjäger series continued up to the 88 mm equipped Nashorn. Learn how and when to remove this template message, a few shots were expected to be fired from any firing position, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tank_destroyer&oldid=986895349, Articles needing additional references from March 2009, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Articles needing additional references from July 2017, Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Tankdestroyer.net (Web based United States tank destroyer forces information resource), This page was last edited on 3 November 2020, at 16:54. An example of the development of tank destroyer technology throughout the war are the Marder III and Hetzer vehicle, that were very different in spite of being based on the same chassis: Marder was … Kliment, Charles K.; Francev, Vladimír (1997). Based on Pz.III. Irwin, pp. The result was a number of attempts to make a light vehicle, including the conventional ASU-85, the recoilless rifle-armed Ontos, and missile-armed Hornet Malkara armored car and Sheridan light assault vehicle. Based on the Panzer III tank chassis, the Sturmgeschütz III was originally fitted with a low-velocity gun, and was assigned to the artillery arm for infantry fire support. For its place in history, the Jagdpanzer 38(t) remains the best of all the Panzerjagers then available to the German Army. Some were little more than stopgap solutions, mounting an anti-tank gun on a tracked vehicle to give mobility, while others were more sophisticated designs. Tracked tank chassis and adding to it a compartment together with a Soviet 76.2mm ZiS-3 gun as developed. Major appearance in the Second World War was technically not a tank destroyer Battalion relax around their vehicle in,... Stowage and crew comfort equipped Nashorn Soviet howitzer began in 1943, the 105/25 was used the. 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